"Indigenous peoples" is a collective name for the original peoples of North America and their descendants. Sometimes the term "Aboriginal peoples" is also used.
The Canadian Constitution recognizes 3 groups of Indigenous peoples: Indians (more commonly referred to as First Nations), Inuit and Métis. These are 3 distinct peoples with unique histories, languages, cultural practices and spiritual beliefs.
More than 1.8 million people in Canada identify themselves as an Indigenous person, according to the 2021 Census, which represents 5% of Canada’s total population.
Indigenous peoples are:
- the fastest growing population in Canada – grew by 9.4% between 2016 and 2021
- the youngest population in Canada – about 28% were under the age of 25 in 2021
Services and information
First Nations
Find out more about First Nations communities in Canada.
Inuit
Learn about Inuit, the Indigenous people of the Arctic.
Métis
Find out more about Métis communities in Canada.
Indigenous arts, culture and heritage
Learn about the Indigenous arts, culture and heritage that are woven into the fabric of our country.
Map room
Find a map or geospatial dataset about Indigenous communities or the North.
Renewing the relationship: Key documents
Consult the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's report, the Report of the Royal Commission of Aboriginal Peoples, and more.
Governance
Learn about support for strong, effective and sustainable governments in First Nation communities.
Feature stories
Find out more about community-driven projects to improve the lives of Indigenous and Northern individuals, families and communities.
Kumik Elder Lodge
Find out how federal employees in the National Capital Region can learn directly from Indigenous Elders through teachings, guidance and advice.
Related links
Features
Hope for wellness helpline
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