Hungarian language | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Magyar (2024)

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Also known as: Magyar language

Hungarian language, member of the Finno-Ugric group of the Uralic language family, spoken primarily in Hungary but also in Slovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia, as well as in scattered groups elsewhere in the world. Hungarian belongs to the Ugric branch of Finno-Ugric, along with the Ob-Ugric languages, Mansi and Khanty, spoken in western Siberia.

The language has been written in a modified Latin alphabet since the 13th century ad, and its orthography was stabilized from the 16th century with the introduction of printing. Characteristic of Hungarian orthography are the acute accent (ó ) marking long vowels—doubled in the case of long front rounded vowels (ő )—and special representations for sibilant sounds (e.g., sz corresponds to English s, but s corresponds to English sh).

Hungarian language | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Magyar (1)

Britannica Quiz

Languages & Alphabets

Surrounded by non-Uralic languages, Hungarian has borrowed many words from such sources as Iranian, Turkic, Caucasian, Slavic, Latin, and German. Its phonology and grammar are, however, typically Uralic. Characteristic of its sound system is vowel harmony. Vowels are classed into three groups depending on position of articulation: back vowels (a, á, o, ó, u, ú ), front rounded vowels (ö, ő, ü, ű ), and front unrounded vowels (e, é, i, í ). Back vowels and front rounded vowels may not occur together in the same word. Consonant clusters in Hungarian are simple and usually do not occur at the beginning of words. Stress (accent) is always on the first syllable of the word.

Hungarian grammatical categories are usually marked by the use of suffixes; e.g., ver-et-het-né-lek “I might cause thee to be beaten” is composed of ver “beat” + et “cause” + het “may” + (a conditional marker) + lek “I thee.” In many cases vowels in suffixes shift to match those of the stem in order to maintain vowel harmony (e.g., ház-ban “in the house” versus ember-ben “in the man”). See also Finno-Ugric languages.

Hungarian language | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Magyar (2024)

FAQs

Is Hungarian really Finno-Ugric? ›

Hungarian belongs to the Ugric branch of Finno-Ugric, along with the Ob-Ugric languages, Mansi and Khanty, spoken in western Siberia. The language has been written in a modified Latin alphabet since the 13th century ad, and its orthography was stabilized from the 16th century with the introduction of printing.

Are Hungarians Turkic or Finno-Ugric? ›

Today, the consensus among linguists is that Hungarian is a member of the Uralic family of languages. The classification of Hungarian as a Uralic/Finno-Ugric rather than a Turkic language continued to be a matter of impassioned political controversy throughout the 18th and into the 19th centuries.

Is Hungarian the hardest language to learn? ›

Hungarian

It's a famously difficult language for English speakers to learn, with complex grammar and pronunciation. In the Hungarian language, there are 14 vowels with slight differences in pronunciation. Hungarian consonant clusters also have unexpected pronunciations when compared to English.

Which language is closest to Hungarian? ›

Hungarian is a Uralic language. The Hungarian name for the language is Magyar. Ugric? The Finno-Ugric languages also include Finnish, Estonian, Lappic (Sámi) and some other languages spoken in Russia: Khanty and Mansi are the most closely related to Hungarian.

Can Hungarians understand Finns? ›

Hungarian is the major Uralic language spoken in Europe, but sadly Finns and Hungarians are not able to understand each-others. They only share approximately 200 common words. Estonians are luckier, they can usually understand a basic conversation in Finnish.

What is the hardest language to learn? ›

The top 10 hardest languages in the world include Mandarin Chinese, Arabic, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Finnish, Hungarian, Icelandic, Georgian, and Navajo. These languages are renowned for their intricate grammar systems, complex writing systems, and significant differences from English.

Do Hungarians have Turkish DNA? ›

We do not have Turkish Lineage. At most you can say that scythian and proto-hungarian tribes came from the same central Asian areas before the scythians settled in east Iran or the nomads settled near the karpathian basin. Proto hungarians did have contact with early bakshirs, but that's not the same as being Bakshir.

What do Hungarians think of Turkey? ›

Hungarians consider themselves a Turkic nation coming from Central Asia, and see Türkiye as a "big brother," according to the country's culture and innovation minister. “We Hungarians consider ourselves a Turkic nation, coming from Central Asia or even east of Central Asia.

Are Hungarians and Japanese related? ›

Japanese falls in the Japonic family of language, completely unrelated to the PIE superfamily. Hungarian is a Uralic language, belonging to the Finno-Ugric superfamily unrelated to both Japonic and PIE. Thus, Hungarian possibly has some distant relationship to modern Finnish, as arguably the closest relative.

Why is Hungary called Magyar? ›

Hungarians call their country Magyarország, derived from Magyars which likely refers to the most promi- nent Hungarian tribe known as the “Megyer “.

Is German harder than Hungarian? ›

I found Hungarian slightly harder because it's so unlike any other language and because there are so many verb conjugations (which often seem arbitrary) and vowel harmony to deal with, but speaking both is pretty cool so it's really not important to know which is more difficult.

What is harder Hungarian or Polish? ›

Hungarian is more difficult to learn. Polish is a Slavic language related to its “cousins” like Russian, Slovakian, etc. Hungarian is not related to any European languages with the exception of a few words in Finnish like the word for butter “voy”

What are the top 3 languages spoken in Hungary? ›

Percentage of people in Hungary who speak the languages below as a mother tongue or foreign language.
  • Hungarian 99.11%
  • English 12.43%
  • German 10.87%
  • Russian 2.63%
  • French 1.79%
  • Romanian 0.99%
  • Italian 0.74%
  • Spanish 0.55%

Is Hungarian similar to Chinese? ›

(1) Both Hungarian and Chinese syllables can begin with a vowel. (2) The two languages share some patterns of distribution of consonants and vowels, such as CV, V, VC, CVC, though it should be noted that the range of consonants that can occur in final position is far more limited in Chinese than in Hungarian.

What food is Hungary known for? ›

LET'S EAT! HUNGARIAN DISHES WE RECOMMEND YOU TO TRY
  • Gulyásleves (goulash soup)
  • Halászlé (a famous hot and spicy fish soup with hot paprika)
  • Chicken Paprikash called Csirkepaprikás (a stew with a lot of sweet paprika, cream or sour cream)
  • Hideg meggyleves (cherry soup served cold and sweet)

Are Hungarians genetically related to Finns? ›

Not much. At least the vast majority of the aforementioned people belong to the “white race”, but Hungarians have a very different genetics within that group; we are more of generically related to the surrounding Central European peoples. There are more genetic relations between Finns and Estonians, however.

What nationality is Finno-Ugric? ›

The four largest ethnic groups that speak Finno-Ugric languages are the Hungarians (14.5 million), Finns (6.5 million), Estonians (1.1 million), and Mordvins (0.85 million).

Are the Sami Finno-Ugric? ›

Sami language, any of three members of the Finno-Ugric group of the Uralic language family, spoken by the Sami (Lapp) people in northern Finland, Sweden, and Norway and on the Kola Peninsula in Russia. The Sami languages, which are mutually unintelligible, are sometimes considered dialects of one language.

Is Finno-Ugric the same as Uralic? ›

Finno-Ugric is sometimes used as a synonym for Uralic, though Finno-Ugric is widely understood to exclude the Samoyedic languages. Scholars who do not accept the traditional notion that Samoyedic split first from the rest of the Uralic family may treat the terms as synonymous.

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