Is a PhD Harder Than a Master’s Degree?

Katie Baker
December 15, 2023

Embarking on postgraduate education is a journey marked by dedication, persistence, and a thirst for knowledge. The pursuit of a Master’s degree and a PhD represents two distinct paths in this journey, each with its own set of challenges and rewards. While the question of whether a PhD is harder than a Master’s degree is subjective, understanding the differences can help prospective students make informed decisions.

Though there is a common consensus that PhDs are more challenging than master’s degrees, there is no short or easy answer to “Is a PhD harder than a master’s degree”. Ultimately, it all comes down to your work ethic, personal abilities, the area of study that piqued your academic interest, the program you apply for, and the institution you study at. Nevertheless, this page will help to determine whether the PhD path is right for you.

Along with answering the question of whether a PhD is harder than a Master’s degree, we will give you a realistic idea of what to expect if you undertake the PhD journey. However, it is important to note that everyone will experience the two very distinct academic experiences differently. Accounts of people, depending on their field, finding their MSc degrees aren’t unheard of, though, for the majority of academics, the challenges of a PhD are infinitely more psychologically strenuous.

For example, if self-motivation and the ability to creatively work with your intuition to develop brand-new information that can’t be found in any textbook, journal, or meeting with your academic supervisor isn’t something that you feel will come naturally, you will likely find the experience daunting. On the other hand, if you struggled to feign enthusiasm and motivation for your marked assignments during your MSc, the freedom of a PhD may suit your academic skills more.

However, generally speaking, many find PhDs harder due to the time and effort required in addition to the research focus in place of the emphasis on coursework. The prospect of undertaking a three to four-year commitment (or six to seven years if you are studying part-time) can also take its toll on doctoral students. Timewise, the one to two-year duration of a Master’s degree can feel like a drop in the ocean, especially for students who need to consider other demands on their time, such as part-time work to support their studies or caring responsibilities.

Differences Between a Master's and a PhD

Intensity and Scope

A Master’s degree in the UK typically spans one to two years and is often course and coursework-based, involving modules, exams (depending on the field of study), and a dissertation at the end of the MSc. It’s designed to deepen your knowledge in a specific field. In contrast, a PhD is a more intensive research-focused program. It requires you to contribute original knowledge to your field, culminating in a substantial thesis.

Independence and Expectations

Master’s students often receive more structured guidance and support and have clearer benchmarks throughout their academic experience. PhD candidates, however, are expected to work more independently, developing their research questions and methodologies, and directing the course of their study with occasional guidance from a supervisor.

Emotional and Intellectual Demands

PhD programs almost always demand a higher level of intellectual engagement from doctoral candidates. You are expected to be a critical thinker, an innovator, and a problem-solver. This intellectual rigour, combined with the long duration and the pressure of original contribution, can be emotionally taxing, and it can potentially lead to burnout and an off-kilter work-life balance.

Questions to Consider Before Pursuing a PhD

By contemplating these questions, you will ascertain if undertaking a PhD is the right decision for you. Additionally, you will be better placed to overcome any adversities during your study, as you will know what you are working towards and why the blood, sweat and tears shed along the way were worth it.

Why do I want to pursue a PhD?

Understanding your motivation – whether it’s a passion for research, academic career aspirations, or the pursuit of personal growth – is crucial.

Am I prepared for the commitment?

Reflect on your readiness to dedicate several years to intensive research; contemplate how you will support yourself and bring harmony to your work-life balance.

How will this degree advance my career?

Consider how a PhD will benefit your professional trajectory in your chosen field in terms of the job roles you will be qualified and educated for and the salary potential of the positions you are interested in filling.

Overcoming Challenges and Maintaining Mental Health

It isn’t a given that completing your PhD will be the most challenging experience of your life or even the most challenging experience of your academic or professional life. However, it is crucial to be aware of the resilience you will need to adopt to tackle the challenge ahead of you when you are accepted into a PhD program.

Developing Resilience

Resilience is key in a PhD journey. Challenges such as research setbacks, critical feedback, and the pressure of originality are common. Building a support network, including peers, mentors, and family, is vital. As is ensuring that you have the tenacity to overcome adversity.

Time Management and Setting Boundaries

Many doctoral students make the fundamental mistake of burning the candle at both ends or treating their PhD as a sprint instead of a marathon. Effective time management can prevent burnout and improve your experience as a PhD student. Setting realistic goals, creating a structured routine, and knowing when to take breaks are essential skills.

Seeking Support

Even though PhDs require a certain degree of independence, you will never have to endure the experience alone or resist seeking support. Universities in the UK offer various support services, including counselling and academic support. Engaging with these resources can help you manage stress, maintain mental health, and diminish the arduousness of any PhD program.

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Is a PhD Harder Than a Master’s Degree? - UWS London (2024)